Pensamiento cl\u00e1sico chino: Confucianismo y Dao\u00edsmo\n[Classical Chinese Thought: Confucianism and Daoism]<\/strong><\/h1><\/h2><\/div>Julio L\u00f3pez Saco<\/h2><\/h3><\/div>Cuadernos de China, <\/strong><\/em>21 (M\u00e9rida \u2013 Venezuela, 2026), pp. 1-78.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/h4><\/div>This text is an academic introduction to Confucianism and Daoism as the autochthonous pillars of Chinese spirituality and thought, both originating during the crisis of the Zhou dynasty (8th\u20133rd centuries BCE). It explores their historical origins and key principles\u2014relational ethics and rituals in Confucianism, as well as harmony with the Dao, non-action, and practices for achieving immortality in Daoism\u2014through classical works such as the Daodejing<\/em> o Zhuangzi<\/em>and their syncretism in Chinese art, politics, and society. It also details religious Daoist schools (Celestial Masters, Shangqing, Lingbao, Quanzhen, Zhengyi), alchemical rituals, and their influence on literature, medicine, and visual culture. It concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of Confucian ideas and Daoist notions in modern Chinese ethics, along with their historical persistence in contemporary China.<\/p>\n<\/div>Keywords<\/strong>: religiosidad, filosof\u00eda, pensamiento, cultura, tradici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Classical Chinese Thought: Confucianism and Daoism<\/strong><\/h1><\/h3><\/div>Resumen<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>This text is an academic introduction to Confucianism and Daoism as the autochthonous pillars of Chinese spirituality and thought, both originating during the crisis of the Zhou dynasty (8th\u20133rd centuries BCE). It explores their historical origins and key principles\u2014relational ethics and rituals in Confucianism, as well as harmony with the Dao, non-action, and practices for achieving immortality in Daoism\u2014through classical works such as the Daodejing and Zhuangzi, and their syncretism in Chinese art, politics, and society. It also details religious Daoist schools (Celestial Masters, Shangqing, Lingbao, Quanzhen, Zhengyi), alchemical rituals, and their influence on literature, medicine, and visual culture. It concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of Confucian ideas and Daoist notions in modern Chinese ethics, along with their historical persistence in contemporary China.<\/p>\n<\/div>
Palabras clave<\/strong>: religiosity, philosophy, thought, culture, tradition.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9053\u5bb6<\/strong><\/h1><\/h3><\/div>\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5bfc\u8bba\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8c\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e24\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5747\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u5468\u671d\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d8\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u793c\u5236\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5bb6\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u987a\u5e94\u5927\u9053\uff08\u9053\uff09\u3001\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u6cbb\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u957f\u751f\u7684\u4fee\u70bc\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u300b\u7b49\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u9053\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u5e08\u9053\u3001\u4e0a\u6e05\u6d3e\u3001\u7075\u5b9d\u6d3e\u3001\u5168\u771f\u6d3e\u548c\u6b63\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70bc\u4e39\u4eea\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u89c6\u89c9\u6587\u5316\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u9053\u5bb6\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u4e8c\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Julio L\u00f3pez Saco<\/h2><\/h3><\/div>Cuadernos de China, <\/strong><\/em>21 (M\u00e9rida \u2013 Venezuela, 2026), pp. 1-78.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/h4><\/div>This text is an academic introduction to Confucianism and Daoism as the autochthonous pillars of Chinese spirituality and thought, both originating during the crisis of the Zhou dynasty (8th\u20133rd centuries BCE). It explores their historical origins and key principles\u2014relational ethics and rituals in Confucianism, as well as harmony with the Dao, non-action, and practices for achieving immortality in Daoism\u2014through classical works such as the Daodejing<\/em> o Zhuangzi<\/em>and their syncretism in Chinese art, politics, and society. It also details religious Daoist schools (Celestial Masters, Shangqing, Lingbao, Quanzhen, Zhengyi), alchemical rituals, and their influence on literature, medicine, and visual culture. It concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of Confucian ideas and Daoist notions in modern Chinese ethics, along with their historical persistence in contemporary China.<\/p>\n<\/div>Keywords<\/strong>: religiosidad, filosof\u00eda, pensamiento, cultura, tradici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Classical Chinese Thought: Confucianism and Daoism<\/strong><\/h1><\/h3><\/div>Resumen<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>This text is an academic introduction to Confucianism and Daoism as the autochthonous pillars of Chinese spirituality and thought, both originating during the crisis of the Zhou dynasty (8th\u20133rd centuries BCE). It explores their historical origins and key principles\u2014relational ethics and rituals in Confucianism, as well as harmony with the Dao, non-action, and practices for achieving immortality in Daoism\u2014through classical works such as the Daodejing and Zhuangzi, and their syncretism in Chinese art, politics, and society. It also details religious Daoist schools (Celestial Masters, Shangqing, Lingbao, Quanzhen, Zhengyi), alchemical rituals, and their influence on literature, medicine, and visual culture. It concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of Confucian ideas and Daoist notions in modern Chinese ethics, along with their historical persistence in contemporary China.<\/p>\n<\/div>
Palabras clave<\/strong>: religiosity, philosophy, thought, culture, tradition.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9053\u5bb6<\/strong><\/h1><\/h3><\/div>\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5bfc\u8bba\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8c\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e24\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5747\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u5468\u671d\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d8\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u793c\u5236\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5bb6\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u987a\u5e94\u5927\u9053\uff08\u9053\uff09\u3001\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u6cbb\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u957f\u751f\u7684\u4fee\u70bc\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u300b\u7b49\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u9053\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u5e08\u9053\u3001\u4e0a\u6e05\u6d3e\u3001\u7075\u5b9d\u6d3e\u3001\u5168\u771f\u6d3e\u548c\u6b63\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70bc\u4e39\u4eea\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u89c6\u89c9\u6587\u5316\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u9053\u5bb6\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u4e8c\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Cuadernos de China, <\/strong><\/em>21 (M\u00e9rida \u2013 Venezuela, 2026), pp. 1-78.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> This text is an academic introduction to Confucianism and Daoism as the autochthonous pillars of Chinese spirituality and thought, both originating during the crisis of the Zhou dynasty (8th\u20133rd centuries BCE). It explores their historical origins and key principles\u2014relational ethics and rituals in Confucianism, as well as harmony with the Dao, non-action, and practices for achieving immortality in Daoism\u2014through classical works such as the Daodejing<\/em> o Zhuangzi<\/em>and their syncretism in Chinese art, politics, and society. It also details religious Daoist schools (Celestial Masters, Shangqing, Lingbao, Quanzhen, Zhengyi), alchemical rituals, and their influence on literature, medicine, and visual culture. It concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of Confucian ideas and Daoist notions in modern Chinese ethics, along with their historical persistence in contemporary China.<\/p>\n<\/div> Keywords<\/strong>: religiosidad, filosof\u00eda, pensamiento, cultura, tradici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> This text is an academic introduction to Confucianism and Daoism as the autochthonous pillars of Chinese spirituality and thought, both originating during the crisis of the Zhou dynasty (8th\u20133rd centuries BCE). It explores their historical origins and key principles\u2014relational ethics and rituals in Confucianism, as well as harmony with the Dao, non-action, and practices for achieving immortality in Daoism\u2014through classical works such as the Daodejing and Zhuangzi, and their syncretism in Chinese art, politics, and society. It also details religious Daoist schools (Celestial Masters, Shangqing, Lingbao, Quanzhen, Zhengyi), alchemical rituals, and their influence on literature, medicine, and visual culture. It concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of Confucian ideas and Daoist notions in modern Chinese ethics, along with their historical persistence in contemporary China.<\/p>\n<\/div> Palabras clave<\/strong>: religiosity, philosophy, thought, culture, tradition.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> \u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5bfc\u8bba\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8c\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e24\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5747\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u5468\u671d\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d8\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u793c\u5236\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5bb6\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u987a\u5e94\u5927\u9053\uff08\u9053\uff09\u3001\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u6cbb\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u957f\u751f\u7684\u4fee\u70bc\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u300b\u7b49\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u9053\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5929\u5e08\u9053\u3001\u4e0a\u6e05\u6d3e\u3001\u7075\u5b9d\u6d3e\u3001\u5168\u771f\u6d3e\u548c\u6b63\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70bc\u4e39\u4eea\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u89c6\u89c9\u6587\u5316\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u9053\u5bb6\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u4e8c\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div> \u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/h4><\/div>
Classical Chinese Thought: Confucianism and Daoism<\/strong><\/h1><\/h3><\/div>
Resumen<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>
\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9053\u5bb6<\/strong><\/h1><\/h3><\/div>
\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>
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