{"id":10374,"date":"2022-06-02T18:18:46","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T22:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avech.org\/?p=10374"},"modified":"2026-08-28T12:14:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T16:14:49","slug":"las-relaciones-venezuela-china-1943-1974","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/archivo\/las-relaciones-venezuela-china-1943-1974\/","title":{"rendered":"Las relaciones Venezuela-China (1943-1974) [Venezuela\u2013China Relations (1943\u20131974)]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-custom-z-index\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-z-index:000;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-top:-100px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-bg-position:center center;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper lazyload fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column fusion-empty-column-bg-image fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/1.-Cabecera.jpg\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/1.-Cabecera.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fusion-empty-dims-img-placeholder\" aria-label=\"1. Cabecera\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271900%27%20height%3D%27800%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201900%20800%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271900%27%20height%3D%27800%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:80px;--awb-padding-right-medium:60px;--awb-padding-left-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:40px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Las relaciones Venezuela-China <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>(1943-1974): <\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Los or\u00edgenes [Venezuela\u2013China Relations (1943\u20131974): The Origins]\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684<\/strong><strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u00a0<\/strong><strong>(1943-1974<\/strong>):<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Volume I<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Norbert Molina-Medina<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ph.D. Norbert Molina Medina's work, <strong><em>Las relaciones Venezuela-China (1943-1974): Los or\u00edgenes [Venezuela\u2013China Relations (1943\u20131974): The Origins] <\/em>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb (1943-1974): \u8d77\u6e90<\/strong> represents the first of three volumes that will make a substantial contribution to the historiography of Sino-Venezuelan diplomatic relations. This is the most comprehensive study in this specific area of analysis, featuring a meticulous handling of historical sources, statistics, key actors, agreements, and conventions, among other dimensions addressed by the author, leaving no room for the traditional manipulations of successive Venezuelan governments.<\/p>\n<p>The work is structured around four analytical axes: <strong>I. Insights into the origin and evolution of Venezuela\u2013China relations; II. Li Dijun and the frustrated Venezuela\u2013China Treaty of Amity; III. Venezuela and the admission of China to the United Nations;<\/strong> and <strong>IV. The beginning and discontinuity of commercial understanding.\u00a0<\/strong>In addition, there is an <strong><em>Epilogue <\/em><\/strong>with dialectical and corrective dimensions regarding relations between China and Venezuela, referencing the events and the actual historical timeline elapsed since April 13, 1943, which is a historical milestone that marks the beginning and allows us to account for nearly eight decades of relations (1943\u20132023).<\/p>\n<p>Finally, this work includes an <strong><em>Appendix <\/em><\/strong>that enriches the analysis presented to the reader. Four tables present, for the first time and in a systematic manner, the Venezuelan diplomats in China and the Chinese diplomats on Venezuelan soil, as well as the early commercial activity. This serves as a valuable pillar for understanding the results of the work carried out by these frontline actors, who navigated the setbacks, prejudices, constraints, and disinterest that arose along the way. This understanding is necessary to avoid historical distortions, which author Norbert Molina Medina has placed in their proper context, especially so that the foreign ministries of both countries may discover their shared trajectories, dialogues, and challenges, keeping in mind these <em>origins<\/em>revealed here for the first time.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-1xuoth5\">\n<div class=\"css-doq0dk\">\n<div class=\"css-1owrxm0\">\n<div class=\"css-kfk5lh\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload size-full wp-image-5227 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2.-Home-1.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2.-Home-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"708\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27450%27%20height%3D%27708%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20450%20708%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27450%27%20height%3D%27708%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2.-Home-1-191x300.png 191w, https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2.-Home-1-200x315.png 200w, https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2.-Home-1-400x629.png 400w, https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/2.-Home-1.png 450w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:5px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/1nW4D2aQKCRryXzjpUcJRqeUftLvsCj8n\/view?rm=minimal \"><i class=\"fa-cloud-download fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">DOWNLOAD (HIGH RESOLUTION)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/15_Qav4zMwVAgqECPUhIhhpJ6X62hX2Q6\/view?rm=minimal\"><i class=\"fa-cloud-download fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">DOWNLOAD (LOW RESOLUTION)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las relaciones Venezuela-China (1943-1974): Los or\u00edgenes \u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb (1943-1974): \u8d77\u6e90 del Dr. Norbert Molina Medina, representa el primer tomo de tres que ser\u00e1n un aporte sustancial para la historiograf\u00eda de las relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas sino-venezolanas. Estamos hablando del m\u00e1s completo estudio de conjunto en esta \u00e1rea espec\u00edfica de an\u00e1lisis, con un minucioso manejo de fuentes hist\u00f3ricas, estad\u00edsticas, actores, acuerdos y convenios, entre otras dimensiones, abordadas por el autor y que no permite dar espacio a las manipulaciones tradicionales de los gobiernos de turno venezolanos.<\/p>\n<p>La obra est\u00e1 conformada por cuatro ejes anal\u00edticos: I. Pinceladas sobre el origen y evoluci\u00f3n de las relaciones Venezuela-China; II. Li Dijun y el frustrado Tratado de Amistad Venezuela-China; III. Venezuela y la admisi\u00f3n de China en la Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas; y IV. Inicio y discontinuidad del entendimiento comercial.\u00a0Sumado a ello, contamos con un Ep\u00edlogo de dimensiones dial\u00e9cticas y correctivas en el \u00e1mbito de las relaciones entre China y Venezuela, nos referimos a los hechos y al tiempo hist\u00f3rico real transcurrido a partir del 13 de abril de 1943, hito hist\u00f3rico que marca el inicio y que nos permite dar cuenta de casi ocho d\u00e9cadas de relaciones (1943-2023).<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10398,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[470],"portfolio_skills":[476],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-10374","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-biblioteca","portfolio_skills-biblioteca-avech"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10374"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11219,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10374\/revisions\/11219"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=10374"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_skills","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_skills?post=10374"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tags?post=10374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}