{"id":10059,"date":"2022-04-13T13:54:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T17:54:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avech.org\/?page_id=10059"},"modified":"2026-08-12T16:42:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T20:42:48","slug":"venezuela-y-china-juntos-en-la-cuestion-de-el-salvador","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/archivo\/venezuela-y-china-juntos-en-la-cuestion-de-el-salvador\/","title":{"rendered":"Venezuela y China: Juntos en la cuesti\u00f3n de El Salvador\n[Venezuela and China: Together on the El Salvador issue]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:34;line-height:1.47;\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Venezuela y China: Juntos en la Cuesti\u00f3n de El Salvador<\/h1><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.4;\"><h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Norbert Molina-Medina<\/strong><\/h2><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.5em;--awb-margin-bottom:30px;\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><strong>Cuadernos de China, <\/strong><\/em><strong>13 (M\u00e9rida \u2013 Venezuela, 2022), pp. 1-80.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.67;\"><h2><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p>In the history of Venezuela\u2019s international relations, the chapter on the strengthening of Sino-Venezuelan ties during the administration of President Luis Herrera Campins (1979-1984) is not well known. The tensions of the Cold War had also produced the East-East dispute between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and China for the leadership of the international communist movement, and in this dynamic, the United States of America (USA), after the rapprochement and normalization with Beijing in 1972 and 1979, coincided with the Asian giant in denouncing the actions of the USSR in the world. This is the case of the Central American conflict of the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, we propose to analyze the alliance that led China and Venezuela to participate in the conflict in El Salvador in direct alignment with the U.S. and against the intervention of the USSR and Cuba.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-line-height:25px;\"><p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Venezuela, China, EE.UU., URSS, El Salvador, Guerra Fr\u00eda.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.4;\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Venezuela and China: Together on the El Salvador issue<\/h1><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.67;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p>In the history of Venezuela\u2019s international relations, the chapter on the strengthening of Sino-Venezuelan ties during the administration of President Luis Herrera Campins (1979-1984) is not well known. The tensions of the Cold War had also produced the East-East dispute between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and China for the leadership of the international communist movement, and in this dynamic, the United States of America (USA), after the rapprochement and normalization with Beijing in 1972 and 1979, coincided with the Asian giant in denouncing the actions of the USSR in the world. This is the case of the Central American conflict of the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, we propose to analyze the alliance that led China and Venezuela to participate in the conflict in El Salvador in direct alignment with the U.S. and against the intervention of the USSR and Cuba.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;--awb-line-height:25px;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>:\u00a0Venezuela, China, USA, USSR, El Salvador, Cold War.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.4;\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><b>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\uff1a<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u5728\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/b><\/strong><\/h1><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.67;\"><strong>\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;\"><p>\u5728\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u57c3\u96f7\u62c9\u00b7\u574e\u5e73\u65af\u603b\u7edf\uff081979-1984\uff09\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u4e5f\u4fc3\u751f\u4e86\u4e1c\u65b9\u9635\u8425\u5185\u90e8\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u4e89\u6267\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd1972\u5e74\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u548c1979\u5e74\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e9a\u6d32\u5de8\u4eba\u53c8\u4e00\u81f4\u8c34\u8d23\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6d3b\u52a8\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa70\u300180\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u51b2\u7a81\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8054\u76df\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u6210\u4e3a\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u5408\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u53e4\u5df4\u4ecb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;--awb-line-height:10px;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\uff0c\u51b7\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" 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auto;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;width:100%;max-width:170px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/1Qb-fpLV_QzHYlpUWuT6UDd06aj4KyJh0\/view?rm=minimal \"><i class=\"fa-cloud-download fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">DOWNLOAD (HIGH RESOLUTION)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/19_IrqIJHZQd1_5sb3w53LN80z4XyMzKr\/view?rm=minimal\"><i class=\"fa-cloud-download fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">DOWNLOAD (LOW RESOLUTION)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.8%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.8%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p>Publication Date: Wednesday, April 13, 2022<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the history of Venezuela\u2019s international relations, the chapter on the strengthening of Sino-Venezuelan ties during the administration of President Luis Herrera Campins (1979-1984) is not well known. The tensions of the Cold War had also produced the East-East dispute between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and China for the leadership of the international communist movement, and in this dynamic, the United States of America (USA), after the rapprochement and normalization with Beijing in 1972 and 1979, coincided with the Asian giant in denouncing the actions of the USSR in the world. This is the case of the Central American conflict of the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, we propose to analyze the alliance that led China and Venezuela to participate in the conflict in El Salvador in direct alignment with the U.S. and against the intervention of the USSR and Cuba.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10292,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[466],"portfolio_skills":[475],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-10059","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-cuadernos-de-china","portfolio_skills-cuadernos-de-china"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10059"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11178,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10059\/revisions\/11178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=10059"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_skills","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_skills?post=10059"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tags?post=10059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}