{"id":10041,"date":"2020-10-14T18:03:29","date_gmt":"2020-10-14T22:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/avech.org\/?page_id=10041"},"modified":"2026-08-12T16:29:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T20:29:30","slug":"china-y-la-planificacion-familiar","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/archivo\/china-y-la-planificacion-familiar\/","title":{"rendered":"China y la planificaci\u00f3n familiar: La pol\u00edtica del hijo \u00fanico\n[China and family planning: The one-child policy]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:34;line-height:1.47;\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>China y la planificaci\u00f3n familiar: La pol\u00edtica del hijo \u00fanico\n[China and family planning: The one-child policy]<\/strong><\/h1><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.4;\"><h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Ram\u00f3n Alonso Dugarte Rangel<\/strong><\/h2><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-line-height:0.5em;--awb-margin-bottom:30px;\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>Cuadernos de China,<\/em> 4 (M\u00e9rida \u2013 Venezuela, 2020), pp. 1-84.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.67;\"><h2><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When the People\u2019s Republic of China was proclaimed in 1949, its demographic goals included reducing mortality, increasing life expectancy, and controlling overpopulation. To this end, since 1956 a series of family planning policies or campaigns have been implemented to prevent uncontrolled population growth. In 1979, the fourth of these campaigns was approved, which included the one-child policy, in force until 2015. Our intention is to present a balance of family planning policies in China, studying the theoretical aspects of the demographic transition, briefly reviewing each of these campaigns, detailing the particularities of the one-child policy, and finally, analyzing the consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;--awb-line-height:10px;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: China, demograf\u00eda, planificaci\u00f3n familiar, pol\u00edtica del hijo \u00fanico.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.4;\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>China and family planning: The one-child policy<\/strong><\/h2><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.67;\"><h2><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When the People&#8217;s Republic of China was proclaimed in 1949, its demographic goals included reducing mortality, increasing life expectancy, and controlling overpopulation. To this end, since 1956 a series of family planning policies or campaigns have been implemented to prevent uncontrolled population growth. In 1979, the fourth of these campaigns was approved, which included the one-child policy, in force until 2015. Our intention is to present a balance of family planning policies in China, studying the theoretical aspects of the demographic transition, briefly reviewing each of these campaigns, detailing the particularities of the one-child policy, and finally, analyzing the consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;--awb-line-height:10px;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: China, demography, family planning, one-child policy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:24;line-height:1.4;\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e<\/strong><strong>\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u653f\u7b56<\/strong><\/h2><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:15;--minFontSize:15;line-height:1.67;\"><h2><strong>\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/h2><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u57281949\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5ba3\u544a\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u6709\u964d\u4f4e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3001\u5ef6\u957f\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u548c\u7ba1\u63a7\u8fc7\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u81ea1956\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u907f\u514d\u4eba\u53e3\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u57281979\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u4e00\u76f4\u751f\u6548\u52302015\u5e74\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u68b3\u7406\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u53e3\u53d8\u8fc1\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u987e\u524d\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5404\u6b21\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u5206\u6790\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:right;--awb-line-height:10px;\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-padding-top-medium:60px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:30px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-max-width:300px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"691\" title=\"Cuaderno_de_China_4_Min\" src=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Cuaderno_de_China_4_Min.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Cuaderno_de_China_4_Min.png\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2717\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27450%27%20height%3D%27691%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20450%20691%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27450%27%20height%3D%27691%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Cuaderno_de_China_4_Min-200x307.png 200w, https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Cuaderno_de_China_4_Min-400x614.png 400w, https:\/\/avech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Cuaderno_de_China_4_Min.png 450w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;width:100%;max-width:170px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/15LbkqJaVB6pBB9U1JFOvQiAbgairPQRw\/view?rm=minimal\"><i class=\"fa-cloud-download fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">DOWNLOAD (HIGH RESOLUTION)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/1sUJkla4Krwt_cs-PPKCoAdyCgy7fqiZ_\/view?rm=minimal\"><i class=\"fa-cloud-download fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">DOWNLOAD (LOW RESOLUTION)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:10px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.8%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.8%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p>Publication Date: Wednesday, October 14, 2020<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When the People\u2019s Republic of China was proclaimed in 1949, its demographic goals included reducing mortality, increasing life expectancy, and controlling overpopulation. To this end, since 1956 a series of family planning policies or campaigns have been implemented to prevent uncontrolled population growth. In 1979, the fourth of these campaigns was approved, which included the one-child policy, in force until 2015. Our intention is to present a balance of family planning policies in China, studying the theoretical aspects of the demographic transition, briefly reviewing each of these campaigns, detailing the particularities of the one-child policy, and finally, analyzing the consequences.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10302,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[466],"portfolio_skills":[475],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-10041","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-cuadernos-de-china","portfolio_skills-cuadernos-de-china"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10041"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10041\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11169,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/10041\/revisions\/11169"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=10041"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_skills","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_skills?post=10041"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avech.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tags?post=10041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}